Types of Two-Way Radios Explained: UHF, VHF, Digital, & More
, by Jesus Moraga, 5 min reading time
Two-way radios are vital equipment for various businesses, but which form is best for which situation? The following article explains the different types of two-way radios and why they remain relevant even in the digital age. Below, we’ll help you find the best one for your environment and specialist radio needs.
UHF vs VHF: What's the Difference?
UHF (Ultra High Frequency) uses shorter wavelengths, typically ranging from 450 to 512 MHz, for commercial use. VHF (Very High Frequency) radios operate between 30 MHz and 300 MHz, commonly in the 136-174 MHz range for business purposes. VHF radios also have longer wavelengths.
The lower the MHz (megahertz), the further a signal can travel (VHF). The higher the MHz, the shorter the wavelength, and the more effectively it can pass through obstacles and solid structures (UHF).
VHF Radios: Best for Open Outdoor Areas
The longer wavelengths of VHF can travel further over open terrain. However, buildings and uneven terrain (such as hills) can disrupt the wavelength. VHF devices are the most popular choice for agricultural businesses, rural and marine environments, as well as transportation.
UHF Radios: Better Indoors and Around Obstacles
The shorter wavelengths of UHF radios can penetrate buildings and solid structures, such as walls and tunnels. They’re ideal in urban environments and large buildings, such as hospitals, retail centers, university campuses, and schools.
Analog vs Digital Two-Way Radios
When Analog Still Makes Sense
Despite the relentless rise of digital technology, there is still a place for analog. Analog radio signals don’t rely on a data connection, so they continue to function during internet blackouts or in areas where a digital connection is patchy or non-existent.
In rural areas and for organizations like the emergency services, analog still provides a vital service.
Why Many Teams Are Upgrading to Digital
Digital migration provides clearer and more secure communication, often with a broader range, and is less susceptible to interference. Digital technology encodes voice differently from analog, but they still utilize UHF or VHF frequencies.
Choosing Radios for Your Environment
VHF performs better in open areas with fewer buildings or obstructions. UHF two-way radios are the ‘go-to’ choice in urban areas; the shorter wavelengths can penetrate multi-floor buildings and steel and concrete structures.
Many organizations have hybrid fleets that utilize a combination of digital technology and analog systems.
Licensing and Channels: What to Know
Some two-way radios must operate within FCC-licensed channels to communicate, so understanding channels and zones is crucial to ensure the correct choice of radio equipment.
The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is an agency within the US Federal Government that oversees communications by radio, wire, cable, satellite, and television across all 50 states. Citizens Band (CB) radio (classified as ‘personal radio services’ by the FCC) doesn’t require a license, and neither do FRS (Family Radio Service) radios, which are common for personal use and things like camping trips.
However, commercial-grade radios may require an FCC licence for business use. These operate on the General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS), which has designated channels. These channels are more powerful, with a longer range, and communication is private.
Common Radio Form Factors
Handheld Portable Radios
Handheld portable radios are small, battery-powered, and are typically for personal use. There are three main types: CB, ham radios, and FRS radios, which are ideal for families, outdoor activities, and holidays.
The FCC regulations limit the power output of handheld radios for safety.
Mobile Radios for Vehicles
Mobile radios are commonplace in industries such as construction and forestry – the emergency services also use them. You can use either a portable radio or a vehicle-mounted radio in transit. Vehicle-mounted radios are used by public safety agencies and fleet operators.
It’s essential to consider battery life, power output, and frequency range when selecting the ideal model, as these factors are directly related to usage and environmental conditions.
Base Stations for Office or Dispatch Coordination
A base station in wireless communications is a fixed transceiver located in one specific position. It connects multiple devices to the base station and to each other in a defined area.
A base station is often the central hub for delivery firms or taxi companies, and it is also used by the government and emergency services to dispatch and coordinate vehicle movements.
Improving Range and Performance
Two-way radio performance and range depend on power level, the type of antenna, and any channel interference.
Longer antennas improve range outside, whereas shorter antennas perform better indoors. A repeater can boost UHF and VHF signal strength, improving clarity in overcrowded environments.
Why Two-Way Radios Remain Essential
Two-way radios provide an immediate push-to-talk connection, eliminating the need to dial or establish a connection, which is essential in time-critical environments. Because they don’t rely on cellular networks, these radios continue to work in areas of weak or no signal.
Two-way radios are designed for tough working environments, so they can withstand dust, rain, and being dropped.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is UHF Affected By Weather?
Humidity, temperature, and precipitation can all impact UHF signals. Higher temperatures tend to weaken the signal (called signal scattering), whereas low temperatures have the opposite effect. Rain can dissipate the UHF signal, and thunderstorms may cause static and noise.
Which is Better - Digital or Analog Radio?
Both digital and analog have their value in radio communications, and many businesses now utilize a hybrid system. Digital provides clarity of communication and is often more secure, offering a greater range. Analog performs where cellular coverage is weak or non-existent.
What Does a Repeater Do for Two-Way Radios?
A repeater extends the communication range for two-way radios and mitigates the problem of obstacles. The repeater retransmits a signal on another frequency, which can overcome terrain issues such as hills, buildings, or long distances. Repeaters are ideal for radios in outdoor environments and are typically installed at high points, such as rooftops or towers.
Ready to Explore Two-Way Radios for Your Team?
Atlantic Radio Corp has been supplying businesses with commercial two-way radio systems for over three decades.
We’ll advise on the best two-way radios for your organization, whether you need local, regional, or global connectivity. We offer the highest quality equipment and radio accessories, along with installation and repair services, to keep you talking for years to come.
Our approach is holistic, covering every aspect of two-way radio communication, whatever your requirement or business. Talk to the radio experts today!
